Ukuthi Amino Acid Atholwa Kanjani

Ama-amino acid ayingxenye ebalulekile, kodwa eyisisekelo yamaprotheni, futhi aqukethe iqembu lama-amino neqembu le-carboxylic.Badlala indima enkulu enqubweni yokuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo, okubandakanya ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi yamaprotheni esiza ukuhumusha kwe-RNA (mRNA) yesithunywa (Scot et al., 2006).

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-700 zama-amino acid ezitholwe emvelweni.Cishe zonke zingama-amino acid.Zitholwe kokuthi:
• amagciwane
• isikhunta
• ulwelwe
• izitshalo.

Ama-amino acid ayingxenye ebalulekile yama-peptide namaprotheni.Ama-amino acid abalulekile angamashumi amabili abalulekile empilweni njengoba aqukethe ama-peptide namaprotheni futhi aziwa njengezivikelo zokwakha zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.Zisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwamaprotheni.Ama-amino acid alawulwa yizakhi zofuzo.Amanye ama-amino acid angajwayelekile atholakala embewini yezitshalo.
Ama-amino acids angumphumela we-protein hydrolysis.Kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka, ama-amino acid atholakale ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, nakuba ngokuyinhloko kutholwa osokhemisi nosokhemisi bezinto eziphilayo abanobuhlakani obuphakeme ababenamakhono amakhulu nesineke futhi ababenobuhlakani obusha nabanobuhlakani emsebenzini wabo.

I-protein chemistry indala, kanti amanye aqala ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule.Izinqubo nezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokulungiswa kweglue, ukwenziwa kukashizi ngisho nokutholakala kwe-ammonia ngokuhlungwa kobulongwe, kwenzeka emakhulwini eminyaka edlule.Ukuqhubekela phambili ngesikhathi kuya ku-1820, uBraconnot walungisa i-glycine ngqo kusuka ku-gelatin.Ubezama ukuthola ukuthi amaprotheni asebenza njengesitashi noma enziwe ngama-asidi noshukela.

Nakuba inqubekelaphambili yayihamba kancane ngaleso sikhathi, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iye yazuza isivinini esikhulu, nakuba izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwakheka kwamaprotheni zingakabonakali ngokuphelele kuze kube namuhla.Kodwa sekudlule iminyaka eminingi kusukela uBraconnot waqala ukuqaphela okunjalo.

Kuningi okwengeziwe okufanele kutholakale ekuhlaziyeni ama-amino acid kanye nokuthola ama-amino acid amasha.Ikusasa lamaprotheni nama-amino acid chemistry lilele ku-biochemistry.Uma lokho sekufeziwe—kodwa kuze kube yileso sikhathi kuphela lapho ulwazi lwethu lwama-amino acid namaprotheni luyosutha.Nokho kungenzeka ukuthi lolo suku ngeke lufike maduze.Konke lokhu kwengeza imfihlakalo, izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nenani eliqinile lesayensi lama-amino acid.